Active and Passive sentences

Name               : Aisyah Rizana Rahmah

NPM               : 10213505

Class                : 4-EA-18

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCES

Active sentences describes a sentence where the subject performs the action stated by the verb.  In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active. Accessed from http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-active-and-passive-voice.html and http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/activepassive.html April 19^th, 2017.

Passive Sentences describe a sentences subject is acted upon by the verb. the subject is being acted on by the verb and the subject typically comes after the action.
In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action

Accessed from http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-active-and-passive-voice.html and http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/activepassive.html April 19^th, 2017.

But I think the active sentence is a sentence that the subject is active and related to the object being done and whose sentence does not need to be accompanied again with the verb while the passive sentence is the opposite of the sentence that states the subject is not active or doing activities but must be accompanied again with the verb.

 Pattern of Active and passive sentences

·         Active Sentences

[Thing doing action]+[verb]+[thing receiving action]

                                         Or

S + V (kata kerja yang disesuaikan dengan tenses-nya) + O

·         Passive Sentences

[Thing receiving action]+[be]+[past participle of verb]+[by]+[thing doing action]

                                                                 Or

                                     S + be + past participle + (by agent)/O

       

       *by agent : orang yang melakukan tindakan

Characteristic features of active and passive Sentences  

Active Sentences

·         In the active voice the subject to perform any act directly on the object.

·         Active sentences pattern S-P-O-K or S-P-K Predicate active sentence always begins with a particle Me- or Ber-.

·         Active sentences need the object, Having received the title plus a supplementary subject or description.

Passive sentences

·         to be + V3 and word-by (the word is not a requirement that must exist in the passive voice)

·         Which can be used as a passive sentence is Verbal Sentence (sentence predicate verb / V)

·         Verbal sentence that can be changed to Passive Voice (passive voice) is a sentence that has the object of patients.

                     

The pattern of active and passive voice in the tense

·         If the active voice in the simple present tense, then 'be' passive voice of his is is, am or

·         If the active voice in perfect continuous tense, then 'be' passive voice of his is (has / have) been + being.

·         If the active voice in the past perfect continuous tense, then 'be' passive voice of his is had been + being.

·         If the active voice in the future continuous tense, then 'be' passive voice of his is will be + being.

·         If the active voice in the past future continuous tense, then 'be' passive voice of his is would be + being.

·         If the active voice in the future perfect continuous tense, then 'be' passive voice of his is will have been + being.

·         If the active voice in the past future perfect continuous tense, then 'be' passive voice of his is would have been + being

·         If the active voice in the simple past tense, then 'be' passive voice of his is was or were

·         If the active voice in the present perfect tense, then 'be' passive voice of his was been placed after the auxiliary has or would have, so that a 'has been' or 'have been'

·         If the active voice in the past perfect tense, then 'be' passive voice of his was been placed after the auxiliary had, thus becoming had been

·         If the active voice in the simple future tense, then 'be' passive voice of his is be

·         If the active voice in the future perfect tense, then 'be' passive voice of his was been placed after the auxiliary will have, so it becomes 'will have been'

·         If the active voice in the past future perfect tense, then 'be' passive voice of his was been placed after the auxiliary would have, thus becoming 'would have been'

·         If the active voice in the present continuous tense, then 'be' passive voice of his was (is, am or are) +

·         If the active voice in the past continuous tense, then 'be' passive voice of his is (was or were) + being.

Accessed from http://www.ilmubahasainggris.com/active-voice-dan-passive-voice-pengertian-rumus-ciri-pola-dan-contoh-kalimatnya-dalam-bahasa-inggris/ April 19^th, 2017.

Transitive and Intransitive Verb

·         Transitive Verb

      Transitive verb is a verb object in the hearts That requires a sentence. The object can be either a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun.

Example : I Likes Strawberry

                 Likes is a transitive verb

                 Strawberry is a shaped object of noun

·         Intransitive Verb

         Intransitive verb is a verb that does not need the object. Without the presence of the object to the verb intransitive, it still implies that we can digest.

Example : Peter Crying or He arrived

                 Peter and He is a Subject

                 Crying and Arrived is a Intransitive Verb

        We can equip it with the all sentence with adverb example Peter crying every morning and He arrived last night.

·         Simple Present Tense

Active  : S + V1 + O

Passive : S + is/am/are + V3 + ….

Example : A : She writes the memo carefully.

      P : The memo is/are written carefully.

·         Simple Past Tense

Active   : S + V2 + O

Passive  : S + was/were + V3 + ….
Example : A : She wrote the memo carefully.

                  P : The memo was/were written carefully.

·         Present Continues/Progresive

Active  : S + is/am/are + V-ing + O

Passive  : S + is/am/are + being + V3 + …
Example : A : She is writing the memo carefully.

      P : The memo is/are being written carefully.

·         Past Progresive Tense/Past Continues Tense

Active  : S + was/were + V-ing + O

            Passive  : S + was/were + being + V3 + …
            Example : A : She was writing the memo carefully.

                              P : The memo was being written carefully.

·         Present Perfect Tense

Active  : S + has/have + V3 + O

Passive : S + has/have + been + V3 + …

Example : A : She has writing the memo carefully.

                  P : The memo has been writing carefully.

·         Past Perfect Tense

Active  : S + had + V3 + O

Passive : S + had + been + V3 + …

Example : A : She had writing the memo carefully.

                  P : The memo had been writing carefully.

·         Auxsallaries/help

Modals + be + V-3

Example : A: She should bring her phone to call her sister
                 P : Her phone should be brought by her to call her sister

            In my opinion it easier to make active and passive sentences and change both of the active sentence into a passive or otherwise use Simple Present Tense because it uses direct v1 and objects as well as his passive only use is / am / are as its object and its v3 as a verb. usually the action is happening so much easier to understand

Passive question of TOEFL

1. The meeting was supposed to be held yesterday, but it has been ______ to next Thursday.
    A. taken off
    B. worn off
    C. put off
    D. called off
Jawaban : C
Keyword : supposed to be held yesterday
2. Black, red, and even bright pink diamonds _____
    A. Occasionally to find
    B. Occasionally found
    C. Have occasionally been found
    D. Have occasionally found
Jawaban : C
Keyword : diamonds
3. _____ were first viewed through telescope by Galileo.
    A. Jupiter has four moons
    B. Jupiter’s four moons
    C. Jupiter surrounded by four moons
    D. Surrounded by four moons, Jupiter
Jawaban : B
Keyword : were first viewed
4. The Supreme Court does not hear a case unless _____, except those involving foreign ambassadors.
    A. A trial
    B. Already tried
    C. It already trying
    D. It has already been tried
Jawaban : D
Keyword : unless
5. _____ occasions for congratulations.
    A. Birthdays that usually considered
    B. Usually considering birthdays
    C. Birthdays are usually considered
    D. That considered birthdays usually
Jawaban : C
Keyword : occasions

6. Arabic is studied in Insantama elementari school. Passive voice

7. They are reading the holy Qur’an.. Active voice

8. These computers are produced in Indonesia. Passive voice

9. his wallet was fallen. Passive voice

10. Bimo likes to eat banana. Active voice

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Name               : Aisyah Rizana Rahmah

NPM               : 10213505

Class                : 4-EA-18

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Generally conditional sentences (sentence supposition) are is a sentence that presupposes a certain desires, hopes, plans, and Iain others can still happen [as possible), something unfulfilled / chimera (real), and do not be realized (impossible).

 Accessed from http://www.sekolahbahasainggris.com/pengertian-dan-contoh-conditional-sentence-tipe-1-2-3-terlengkap/ March 11^th, 2017.

Specifically conditional sentences is a complex sentence (compound sentence) formed from the subordinate clause beginning with subordinate conjunction if such condition (condition) and the main clause in the form of result / consequence (result). Accessed from https://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-conditional-sentences March 11^th, 2017.

But I think the conditional sentences or sentence presupposition which supposes something that can happen or not, and consists of two main clause and clauses are clauses which generally begins with the word if clause and the results of the clause.

Presuppositions sentence contains two clauses that if the clause and the main clause that his position may be exchanged, such as:

         If I study hard, i will get a good score on that exam.

      If clause                 main clause

         If+S+Verb1, S+Will+Verb1

Its position above sentence can be changed initially the main clause and followed by the if clause because the position is supposition sentences can be exchanged examples :

I will get a good score on that exam, if i study hard

            main clause                               If clause        

                      S+Will+Verb1, If+S+Verb1

    

3 types of conditional sentences or presuppositions sentence

1. Type 1 ( Future Conditional )

This type 1 is sentence that expresses a desire or hope something will happen in the future conditional and are likely to occur, example :

If We study hard, We will pas the main exam

                                                If + S + Verb1, S + Will + Verb1

 2. Type 2 ( Present Conditional )

 This type 2 is sentence that expresses the desire of events happening today but in reality it does not happen and contrary to the current state, example :

If you had a body that tall and skinny, you would be model

                              If + S + Verb2, S + Would + Verb1

3. Type 3 ( Past Conditional )

This sentence expresses a desire or expectation of events that had happened or not happened in the past, usually expressed in the form of a sentence of regret.

If i had woken up this morning, i would not have been late

If + S + Had + Verb3, S + Would Not Have Been + Adj  

5 Question about Conditional Sentences in TOEFL exam

1. If the students _____ late to submit the scholarship application to the board, they

will not be listed as candidates.

   A. be

   B. are

 C. were

 D. have

Jawaban : B

Keyword : will not be listed

Pembahasan : Kalimat ini merupakan kalimat conditional atau pengandaian tipe 1 karena ada kata if dan will + V1. Jadi jawaban yang tepat adalah are karena tense-nya present.

2. If I had a lot of time, I would study German.

     From this sentence we know that _____.

     A. I have a lot of time, so I study German

     B. I studied German because I had a lot of time

     C. I want to study German because I have a lot of time

     D. I would like to study German, but I don’t have much time

    Jawaban : D

    Keyword : If I had a lot of time, I would study German

    Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah kalimat pengandaian tipe 2, yang subjeknya tidak   

  mempunyai kemungkinan untuk mencapai tujuan pengandaiannya. Jadi kita dapat

    menyimpulkan bahwa I would like to study German, but I don’t have much time.

    3. If she …. , I won’t be angry.

    a. Don’t come

    b. Don’t comes

    c. Doesn’t come

    d. Doesn’t comes

    Jawaban                  : C

                            Pembahasan          : subjek she menggunakan doesn’t (does + not) bukan don’t (do

+ not). Jangan menggunakan kata kerja dengan tambahan s/es                                          (verb1 additional infinitive) jika kalimatnya negative, seperti pada soal diatas maka tetap menggunakan come walaupun subjeknya she (yang pada umumnya menggunakan comes). Won't = will + not

4. If I had come to her wedding party, I would not have regretted What is the fact of the previous conditional sentence?

A. I didn’t come to her wedding party. Therefore, I regretted.

B. I don’t come to her wedding party. Therefore, I regret.

C. I have not come to her wedding party. Therefore, I regretted.

D. I had not come to her wedding party. Therefore, I regret.

Jawaban         : A

Pembahasan : Pola kalimat di atas adalah kalimat pengandaian tipe 3. Fakta yang diungkapkan dalam kalimat pengandaian tipe 3 adalah bahwa apa yang diandaikan tidak pernah terjadi di masa yang lalu.

5.  If I had practiced harder several months ago……………..

A. I will be the winner of this dance competition.

B. 1 would be the winner of this dance competition.

C. I would have been the winner of this dance competition.

D. I am the winner of this dance competition.

Jawaban         : B

Pembahasan  : Pola kalimat pengandaian di atas menunjukkan dua waktu yangberbeda di mana anak kalimat menunjukkan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa lampau, sedangkan induk kalimatnya terjadi di masa sekarang (present).